Gemstones

Key Takeaways

• Fancy colour diamonds are graded on colour intensity across nine levels, from Faint to Fancy Vivid, the more intense the colour, the rarer and more valuable the stone.
  
  
• Each colour is caused by a distinct geological phenomenon: nitrogen creates yellow, boron creates blue, and structural distortions during formation are believed to cause pink and red.
  
  
• Red diamonds are the rarest of all fancy colour diamonds; blue and green are also exceptionally scarce. Yellow and brown are the most commonly found.
  
  
• The cut of a fancy colour diamond is optimised to maximise colour saturation rather than brilliance; the priority is different from colourless diamonds.
  
  
• Metal choice and setting type significantly affect how a fancy colour diamond's hue is perceived on the finger.
  
  
• Poh Heng's diamond jewellery collection and Poh Heng Trust® Diamonds offer certified diamond pieces for those seeking quality-assured diamond jewellery.
  

Understanding Fancy Colour Diamonds

What Is a Fancy Colour Diamond?

A fancy colour diamond is a natural diamond that displays a body colour beyond the normal colourless-to-light-yellow range assessed by the standard D-to-Z grading scale. When a diamond's colour is intense enough to be considered an asset rather than a flaw, and falls outside that normal range entirely, it is classified as a fancy colour diamond. They occur in virtually every colour of the spectrum, including yellow, pink, blue, green, orange, brown, and the rarest of all, red.

How Fancy Colour Diamonds Are Graded

Fancy colour diamonds are evaluated on two primary dimensions: Hue and Intensity.

• Hue describes the diamond's primary and secondary colours. Many fancy colour diamonds display a combination of two colours, for example, a green diamond with a yellow secondary colour would be graded as a "yellowish-green" diamond. The primary colour is stated last and is the dominant hue; the secondary colour is stated first as a modifier. A stone with a pure, unmodified primary colour is rarer and typically more valuable than one with a secondary colour influence.
  
  
• Intensity describes the strength and depth of the colour, graded across nine levels: Faint, Very Light, Light, Fancy Light, Fancy, Fancy Intense, Fancy Vivid, Fancy Deep, and Fancy Dark. Fancy Vivid represents the most saturated and commercially desirable intensity grade for most colours, these stones are extraordinarily rare. For certified diamond pieces assessed to the highest quality standards, explore Poh Heng Trust® Diamonds.

Cut: Optimising for Colour, Not Brilliance

The approach to cutting a fancy colour diamond differs fundamentally from cutting a colourless diamond. For a colourless diamond, cut is optimised to maximise the return and dispersion of white light, creating brilliance and fire. For a fancy colour diamond, the cut is optimised to maximise the saturation and visibility of the stone's colour.

This often means selecting a cut with a deeper pavilion and a larger surface area — such as a radiant or cushion cut, which concentrates and intensifies the colour rather than dispersing it as white light.

Rarity: Which Colours Are Most Scarce?

Not all fancy colour diamonds are equally rare. Understanding the rarity hierarchy helps put value into context:

• Red: The rarest of all fancy colour diamonds. Fewer than thirty true red diamonds of gem quality are known to exist worldwide.
  
  
• Blue and Green: Exceptionally scarce. Fine blue and green diamonds appear at major auction houses only rarely and command extraordinary prices.
  
  
• Pink and Orange: Very rare, particularly in intense and vivid grades. Pink diamonds in particular have seen dramatic price appreciation in recent decades.
  
  
• Yellow: The most commonly found fancy colour diamond, though still far rarer than colourless stones. Available across a wider range of budgets.
  
  
• Brown: The most abundant of the fancy colour diamonds, and consequently the most accessible. Often marketed as champagne or cognac diamonds.

The Fancy Colour Diamond Spectrum

Fancy Yellow Diamonds

Fancy yellow diamonds are the most widely available fancy colour diamonds, and among the most beloved for their warm, sunny character. Their colour is caused by the presence of nitrogen atoms within the diamond's crystal lattice, the more nitrogen, the deeper and more saturated the yellow. Stones that display a pure, intense or vivid yellow hue with no secondary colour modifier are sometimes called Canary Diamonds, a name that reflects their bright, unmistakable warmth.

Yellow diamonds pair especially beautifully with yellow gold settings, which complement and deepen the stone's natural warmth. They are a popular and relatively more accessible entry point into fancy colour diamond jewellery. Explore our coloured gemstone collection for vibrant coloured stone options.

Fancy Pink Diamonds

Fancy pink diamonds are among the most romantically charged of all gemstones, associated with love, femininity, and rarity in equal measure. Their colour ranges from delicate, barely-there blush to vivid, deeply saturated rose. The precise cause of pink diamonds' colour remains a subject of scientific discussion, though it is most widely attributed to distortions in the diamond's crystal lattice structure during its formation deep within the Earth, which selectively absorb certain wavelengths of light.

Pink diamonds are highly coveted for engagement rings and statement pieces. Their colour is best preserved in rose gold or platinum settings, yellow gold can add a slight orange cast to lighter pink stone

Fancy Green Diamonds

Fancy green diamonds are the second rarest category after red. Their green colouration is formed through an extraordinary geological process: exposure to natural radiation over millions of years alters the diamond's crystal structure and causes it to absorb red light, producing the characteristic green hue. Most green diamonds display their colour only in a thin outer layer, which means the cut must be managed with exceptional care to preserve the colour during the faceting process.

Green diamonds range from light, mint or pistachio tones to a deeper, forest green. Their colour is best complemented by yellow or white gold settings.

Fancy Blue Diamonds

Fancy blue diamonds possess a depth and gravitas unlike any other coloured stone. Their colour ranges from a pale, ethereal sky blue to a rich, deeply saturated royal blue. The blue colouration is caused by the presence of boron atoms within the crystal structure, which absorb red, yellow, and green light and reflect blue. The most famous blue diamond in existence is the Hope Diamond, which weighs over 45 carats and is now housed in the Smithsonian Institution in Washington D.C.

Blue diamonds are among the rarest and most valuable of all fancy colour diamonds. They are most striking in white metal settings, platinum or white gold, which preserve the cool clarity of the stone's blue tone without adding warmth.

Fancy Orange Diamonds

Fancy orange diamonds are among the most vivid and energetic of all fancy colours, their fiery, warm hue encompasses everything from a soft peachy salmon to a deep, intense pumpkin orange. For a diamond to be classified as a true orange, it must display no traces of brown, which makes pure orange specimens exceptionally rare.

The cause of orange colouration is believed to involve a specific arrangement of nitrogen atoms within the crystal structure that differs from the arrangement that creates yellow.

Fancy Brown Diamonds

Fancy brown diamonds — also marketed as champagne, cognac, or chocolate diamonds, are the most commercially accessible of the fancy colour category. Their warm, earthy tones range from a soft, pale champagne to a rich, deep chocolate brown. Brown colouration is caused by structural distortions within the diamond's crystal lattice, sometimes described as a "plastic deformation" of the stone during its geological formation.

Brown diamonds have gained significantly in popularity in recent years as their warm, distinctly approachable character has been embraced by designers seeking something less conventional than colourless or yellow diamonds.

Fancy Red Diamonds

Fancy red diamonds are the rarest gemstones on Earth by any meaningful measure. Fewer than thirty diamonds of notable size have ever been certified as true red by the Gemological Institute of America. Like pink diamonds, their colour is believed to result from structural distortion of the crystal lattice during formation.

True red diamonds are almost never available at retail level, they appear exclusively at major international auction houses and among specialist collectors.

Setting the Right Fancy Colour Diamond

Choosing Your Colour

Colour choice in a fancy diamond is deeply personal, unlike colourless diamonds where the goal is to approach the absence of colour, with fancy diamonds the objective is to find a hue that resonates with the wearer. Consider the following when choosing:

• Intensity grade: For most buyers, Fancy and Fancy Intense grades offer an excellent balance of visible colour impact and value. Fancy Vivid, while the most spectacular, commands a significant premium.
  
  
• Primary vs modified colour: A pure, unmodified colour (e.g. pure yellow rather than greenish-yellow) is rarer and typically more desirable, though secondary colour modifiers can also create beautiful and unique effects.
  
  
• Budget: Yellow and brown diamonds offer the most accessible price points within the fancy colour category. Pink, blue, and green stones command substantial premiums, particularly in higher intensity grades.

Metal and Setting Recommendations

The metal you choose for a fancy colour diamond setting significantly affects how the stone's colour is perceived:

• Yellow gold: Deepens and warms yellow, orange, and brown diamonds. Can add an orange cast to lighter pink stones.
• Rose gold: Beautifully complements pink diamonds and flatters warm-toned stones generally.
• White gold or platinum: Best for blue, green, and higher-grade pink diamonds, where a cool, neutral backdrop allows the stone's own colour to dominate without being influenced by the metal's warmth.

For guidance on choosing between yellow, white, and rose gold, read our gold colour guide. Explore our 18K gold jewellery for diamond-set pieces across a range of metal choices.

Jewellery Type

Fancy colour diamonds work beautifully across all jewellery types. As statement stones, they are particularly striking as solitaire rings, where the colour takes centre stage. As accent stones or side diamonds in a three-stone or halo design, they add a surprising and personal touch. Fancy colour diamond pendants and earrings offer equally compelling options for those who want coloured diamond brilliance without the commitment of a ring.

Caring for Fancy Colour Diamonds

Fancy colour diamonds share the exceptional hardness of all diamonds, rating 10 on the Mohs scale are the most durable of all gemstones. However, the setting that holds the diamond, and the metal surrounding it, require regular care and attention.

Cleaning: Clean your fancy colour diamond jewellery gently with warm water, a small amount of mild liquid soap, and a soft-bristled brush. Rinse thoroughly and dry with a lint-free cloth. Avoid harsh chemical cleaners or ultrasonic cleaning at home without first confirming the setting type is suitable.

Storage: Store fancy colour diamond pieces individually in soft pouches or a lined jewellery box. Although diamond cannot be scratched by other materials, the metal setting can be scratched and other gemstones in adjoining pieces can cause surface wear to gold and platinum.

Avoid exposure: Keep fancy colour diamond jewellery away from chlorine (swimming pools, cleaning products) and harsh solvents, which can damage metal settings and affect the appearance of surface finishes over time.

Professional care: Have the setting inspected periodically to ensure prongs or bezels remain secure. Visit Poh Heng's Jewellery Services for professional cleaning, prong checking, and maintenance at any of our islandwide boutiques.

Closing Thoughts

Fancy colour diamonds are among the most remarkable objects in the natural world: formed over billions of years under extraordinary conditions each one possessing a colour that exists nowhere else in exactly that shade.

Whether you are drawn to the warm optimism of a yellow diamond, the romantic rarity of a pink, or the cool prestige of a blue, fancy color diamond is a piece of jewellery that will aways command attention and hold its meaning.

Explore our Diamond Collection and Coloured Gems Collection to discover pieces that celebrate colour, brilliance and individuality, or vist any of our Poh Heng Boutiques where our expert team will be delighted to help you find the fancy colour diamond that is truly, unmistakenly yours.  

Frequently Asked Questions

What are fancy colour diamonds?

Fancy colour diamonds are natural diamonds that display a body colour intense enough to be considered an asset rather than a flaw, falling outside the standard colourless-to-light-yellow range. They occur in a wide spectrum of colours including yellow, pink, blue, green, orange, brown, and the extremely rare red. Their value is determined primarily by the intensity and purity of their colour.

How are fancy colour diamonds graded?

Fancy colour diamonds are graded on two main dimensions: hue (the primary and any secondary colour of the stone) and intensity (the strength of the colour, graded across nine levels from Faint to Fancy Vivid). The most saturated and pure colour grades are the rarest and most valuable. Independent certification from bodies such as the GIA provides the most reliable grading assurance.

Which fancy colour diamond is the rarest?

Red diamonds are the rarest of all fancy colour diamonds, fewer than thirty of notable gem quality have ever been certified. Blue and green diamonds are also exceptionally scarce. Yellow diamonds are the most commonly found, making them the most accessible entry point into the fancy colour diamond category.

Can fancy colour diamonds be used in engagement rings?

Absolutely. Fancy colour diamonds, particularly pink and yellow, have become increasingly popular choices for engagement rings among those seeking something distinctive. Their hardness (Mohs 10) makes them as durable as any colourless diamond and entirely suitable for everyday wear.

Does the metal choice affect how a fancy colour diamond looks?

Yes, significantly. Yellow gold warms and deepens yellow, orange, and brown diamonds. Rose gold complements pink diamonds beautifully. White gold and platinum provide a neutral backdrop that best preserves the cool, clear tones of blue and green diamonds. Choosing the right metal is an important part of making the most of a fancy colour diamond's natural hue.

How should I care for a fancy colour diamond?

Clean gently with warm water, mild soap, and a soft brush. Store individually to protect the setting. Avoid chlorine, harsh solvents, and abrasive cleaners. Have prongs and settings checked periodically by a professional. Visit our Jewellery Services at any Poh Heng boutique for expert maintenance and care.